Introduction
Title: "If—"
Author: Rudyard Kipling
Published Date: 1910
Publishing Company: Macmillan and Co.
Protagonist: The poem speaks to an implied "you," who stands as the central focus.
Point of View: Second person
Writing Year: 1895
Writing Century: 19th century "If—" is a celebrated poem by Rudyard Kipling, featured in his 1910 poetry collection 'Rewards and Fairies'.
The poem is a father's advice to his son, emphasizing the virtues needed for becoming a mature and accomplished individual.
About the Author
Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay, British India on December 30, 1865, and passed away at the age of 70 on January 18, 1936, in London, England. His parents were John and Alice Kipling. Kipling gained fame for his works such as 'The Jungle Book'(1894), 'Kim' (1901), and 'The Man Who Would Be King' (1888). He was a contemporary of writers like H.G. Wells and Joseph Conrad. In 1892, he married Caroline Balestier, and they had three children. He was educated in England and returned to India as a journalist, experiences that greatly influenced his writing style and themes.
Historical Background
Composed during the height of the British Empire, "If—" reflects Victorian ideals like perseverance, self-control, and moral integrity. Kipling's experiences in British India and the personal tragedy of losing his son in World War I informed his worldview. The poem captures the era's values and the struggle to maintain personal integrity and resilience. Contemporary Age In the present day, "If—" remains highly regarded and frequently quoted for its messages of endurance, self-control, and resilience. Kipling’s work continues to be studied in educational settings and often appears in popular culture. Although some of his views on imperialism have drawn criticism, his contributions to English literature are significant, and "If—" is celebrated for its wisdom and motivational insights.
Structure
"If—" is a didactic poem divided into four stanzas, each containing eight lines. It follows an ABABCDCD rhyme scheme and is written in iambic pentameter, lending the poem a formal and rhythmic quality. Kipling uses straightforward language with a supportive tone, addressing the reader directly. A memorable line from the poem is: "If you can keep your head when all about you / Are losing theirs and blaming it on you."
Characters
While "If—" doesn't have characters in the traditional sense, the implied "you" (the reader) is central to the poem's guidance.
Related Writing
Among Kipling's other well-known works are 'The Jungle Book' (1894), 'Kim' (1901), and 'Gunga Din' (1892), each exploring themes related to India.
Important Quotations
"If you can keep your head when all about you / Are losing theirs and blaming it on you." "If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, / But make allowance for their doubting too."
Symbols
The poem uses "If" as its key symbol, representing the challenges and choices necessary for personal growth and maturity. Every instance of "If" describes a situation that calls for specific virtues, symbolizing the tests of character people go through in life.
Summary
The poem serves as a life guide, offering wisdom for personal growth and character development across four sections. It starts with: "If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you," This opening sets a theme of maintaining calmness and clarity even when others are panicking or pointing fingers. The next section highlights trust, patience, and honesty: "If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too; If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies," Kipling encourages self-belief while respecting others' skepticism, practicing patience, and upholding truthfulness amidst dishonesty. The third section deals with balancing dreams and critical thinking while staying grounded: "If you can dream—and not make dreams your master; If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same;" Here, the focus is on balancing aspirations with reality, and keeping steady in both success and failure. The final section discusses taking risks and building resilience: "If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss;" This highlights the value of risk-taking and resilience, urging one to handle setbacks quietly and restart with determination. The closing lines summarize Kipling's key message: "If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!" These lines underscore making every moment count, suggesting that by following this advice, one can achieve great things and truly mature in wisdom and character.
Themes
Perseverance and Resilience: The poem emphasizes the need to push through difficult times and not give up, even when things go wrong. It's about continually putting in effort, no matter the obstacles.
Self-Control and Discipline: Kipling talks about the need to remain calm and keep control in various situations, focusing on managing emotions to deal with life's challenges effectively.
Moral Integrity: The poem highlights the importance of being honest and fair, while sticking to one's beliefs. It's about doing what's right and staying true to oneself and others.
Balance and Moderation: Kipling advises maintaining balance in life by managing dreams alongside reality and combining thought with action. It's about avoiding extremes and finding a middle ground.
Stoicism: The poem endorses a stoic mindset, urging readers to confront life's hardships with dignity and strength, accepting challenges with grace.
Conclusion
"If—" by Rudyard Kipling is a well-loved poem known for its timeless advice on how to live and behave. Written during the height of the British Empire, it reflects values such as resilience, self-control, and honesty. The clarity and structure of Kipling's language help convey important lessons. The poem's messages about not giving up, maintaining self-discipline, and staying strong remain relevant today, making it frequently quoted and admired. Kipling's life, including his time in British India and personal hardships, influenced his views and writing. Though some criticize his imperialist perspective, his work has had a significant impact on English literature. "If—" is a testament to his skill in expressing deep emotions and truths with straightforward, powerful words. The poem deals with themes like perseverance, self-control, integrity, balance, and stoicism. The repeated "If" introduces a series of challenges that, if met, lead to personal growth and fulfillment. In essence, "If—" is a remarkable piece that highlights Kipling's ability to inspire and teach through poetry. Its lasting popularity and continued relevance underscore its broad appeal and enduring wisdom.